Stages of Development 13-24 Months
Social and Emotional
- Needs to imitate; engages in domestic mimicry; puts on hat
- Hurts, cries, laughs appropriately
- Asks for things; demands wants by pointing and talking
- Says no often, even when he likes something
- Tends to repeat performances that are laughed at
- Capable of unmistakable fear, anger, jealously, anxiety, sympathy, suspicion, anti social behavior
- Communicates to others a wide range of emotional states (hug doll)
- Works hard at play – self absorbed play
- Does one thing at a time – concentrates
- Sees objects as permanent and having a place, time, separate from self
- Pulls person to show them something
- Imitations more refined – dresses up and plays mommy and daddy
- Has sense of order
- Resistant to change in routine
- Needs immediate reward – everything is “now”
- Beginning to claim “mine” but no clear definition
- Worries about people, parts of body
- Separates self from mother for short distance, then retreats to her
- Likes to do errands of fetch and carry
- Engages in play activity similar to those of playmates; parallel to play
- Make mental picture of objects and actions
- Beginning of symbolic thought; space becomes filled in
Language
- Pats at pictures
- Relates words to gestures
- Associates words with objects
- Understands arrival and departure
- Says five words in addition to Ma-ma and Da-da
- Imitates, picks up jargon, plays telephone
- Names pictures if asked
- Indicates wants – not crying
- Looks back and forth at pictures on wall
- Identifies pictures – dog, shoe, baby
- Looks back and forth at pictures in book
- Says up to 25 words
- Uses phrases, understands simple directions
- Communicative speech begins
- Says little three word sentences
- Names two objects out of 10 given 1, 2, 3, or 4 directions
- Words replace actions – bye-bye, waves instead of going to door
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Asks for things by a combination of words and gestures
Fine Motor
- Will retrieve hidden toy – all trials
- Slight casting motion – forward throw
- Builds and knocks down towers of three blocks
- Pinches and uses cortical opposition in both hands simultaneously
- Holds two small objects in one hand
- Gets five or six objects out of 10 in a box
- Takes pants, shoes and socks off, no help
- Can handle a few objects
- Fits cans inside of one another according to size
- Points to parts of body
- Threads and strings objects
- Turns pages of book, several at a time
- Strokes crayon, imitatively in air
- Eats with spoon, spills
- Builds tower of five cubes
- Scribbles on paper spontaneously
- Uses cup, puts down when finished
- Begins to dress self, fusses with zippers, buttons
- Builds tower of six-seven blocks, no help
- Holds glass with one hand
- Holds spoon right side up, does not spill
- Aligns two cubes in row for train
- Imitates vertical and circular stroke
- Sits and “reads” little picture books, turns pages singly
- Empties and pours objects in and out of containers
Sensory
Visual
- Cannot focus as easily standing
- Bends over and looks through legs
- Has sense of vertical plane firmly in practice
- Recognizes pictures pertaining to house, food, clothing
- Points to objects named
- Awareness of form
- Segregates parts, categorizes simple objects visually = socks, shoes
- Can label household items by name
- Prefers vertical to horizontal scanning
- Eyes lead rather than follow
- Begins to identify things by where they should be
Auditory
- Pursues sounds in his environment tirelessly
- Responds to music with animation and action
- Understands 10-25 words of speech – two word couplets
- Understand one step directions
- Identifies sounds (airplane) without seeing them
Tactile
- Chews effortlessly
- Imitates stroke on paper
- Discriminates between hot-cold, rough-smooth
- Discriminates hand sized objects, touches everything
- Enjoys water and sand play
- Begins to take things apart, can handle simple mechanical devices
- Touches and labels objects without seeing them
Gross Motor
- Falls head long – takes few steps alone
- Walks without help
- Pulls toys behind self and looks behind at toy
- Gets up from middle of floor
- Forgets to hold on – catches self
- Attains upright position, catches self when falls
- Climbs; moves furniture
- Climbs up stairs or onto low chair
- Cannot go around corners or stop suddenly
- Walks up steps one hand held
- No longer creeps or crawls
- Rarely falls when walking
- Runs stiff legged
- Goes to bathroom, sits on toilet
- Climbs into adult chair
- Can stoop, pick up, stand again
- Squats at play
- Walks up stairs, holds rail
- Walks down stairs, hand held
- Pushes toy, says “choo” “choo”
- Runs, stops, turns around, stoops down
- Throws from elbow, retrieves, throws again
- Kicks ball on request
- Walks backward and runs
- Walks up and down stairs alone
- Dances – joy in movement and motion
- Carries blocks, toys around room, pounds together
